Overview of TMR-3, Semi-hard bubble catalyst
Semi-hard bubble catalyst TMR-3 is a highly efficient catalyst specially used in polyurethane foam production, which is widely used in automotive seat manufacturing and other fields. Its chemical name is Trimethylpentanediamine, which belongs to a tertiary amine catalyst. TMR-3 has excellent catalytic properties and can effectively promote the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, thereby forming a polyurethane foam material with good physical and mechanical properties. The catalyst is a colorless or light yellow liquid at room temperature, with low volatility and good storage stability.
Main Characteristics of TMR-3
- High activity: TMR-3 can provide efficient catalytic effect at a lower dosage, significantly shortening foam foaming time and improving production efficiency.
- Selectivity: This catalyst has a high selectivity for the reaction between isocyanate and polyol, and can effectively control the density and hardness of the foam and ensure the stability of the quality of the final product.
- Low Odor: Compared with traditional tertiary amine catalysts, TMR-3 has lower volatility, reducing odor problems during the production process and in the finished product, and improving the user experience.
- Environmentality: TMR-3 meets strict environmental protection standards, does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, and is suitable for green manufacturing processes.
- Compatibility: This catalyst has good compatibility with a variety of polyurethane raw materials, and can work in concert with other additives (such as foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.) to optimize the formulation design.
Application fields of TMR-3
TMR-3 is mainly used in automotive seat manufacturing, furniture, mattresses, packaging materials and other fields. In car seat manufacturing, TMR-3 has a particularly prominent role. It not only improves the comfort and durability of the seats, but also meets the strict requirements of the automotive industry for lightweight, safety and environmental protection. In addition, TMR-3 can also be used to produce high-strength and low-density structural foam, which is widely used in the manufacturing of automotive interiors, instrument panels, door panels and other components.
Status of domestic and foreign research
In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, especially the rise of electric vehicles and smart cars, major changes have also taken place in the design and manufacturing technology of car seats. In order to meet the market’s demand for high-performance, lightweight and environmentally friendly seats, domestic and foreign researchers have conducted a lot of research on polyurethane foam materials and their catalysts. In foreign literature, many scholars have experimentally verified the advantages of TMR-3 in car seat manufacturing and have proposed suggestions for optimizing the formula. For example, Michigan, USAA university study showed that the use of TMR-3 as a catalyst can significantly improve the resilience of foam and extend the service life of the seat. In China, universities such as Tsinghua University and Zhejiang University have also made important progress in related fields and have developed a series of new polyurethane foam materials based on TMR-3.
Principle of application of TMR-3 in car seat manufacturing
As an efficient tertiary amine catalyst, the application principle of TMR-3 in automobile seat manufacturing is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Reaction mechanism between isocyanate and polyol
The preparation process of polyurethane foam usually involves the reaction between isocyanates (such as TDI, MDI) and polyols (such as polyether polyols, polyester polyols). TMR-3, as a catalyst, can accelerate the progress of this reaction, which is specifically manifested in the following steps:
-
Step 1: Activation of isocyanate
TMR-3 reduces its reaction energy barrier by interacting with the N=C=O group in the isocyanate molecule, making it easier for isocyanate to react with polyols. This process can be expressed by the following chemical equation:
[
text{R-N=C=O} + text{TMR-3} rightarrow text{R-NH-CO-TMR-3}
]
Wherein, R represents an alkyl group or an aryl group in an isocyanate molecule. -
Step 2: Nucleophilic Attack of Polyols
Under the catalysis of TMR-3, the hydroxyl group (-OH) in the polyol molecule acts as a nucleophilic agent to attack the activated isocyanate molecules and form a carbamate bond (-NH-COO-). This reaction is the basis for the formation of polyurethane foam, which determines the crosslinking density and mechanical properties of the foam. -
Step 3: Foam expansion and curing
As the reaction progresses, the gases in the system (such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc.) are gradually released, causing the foam to expand. At the same time, TMR-3 continued to catalyze further reactions between isocyanate and polyol, and finally formed a cured polyurethane foam material. This process can be expressed by the following chemical equation:
[
text{R-NH-CO-OH} + text{CO}_2 rightarrow text{R-NH-CO-O-} text{CO}_2
]
2. Regulation of foam density and hardness
Another important function of TMR-3 is to regulate the density and hardness of the foam. passAdjusting the amount of TMR-3 can accurately control the foaming speed and cross-linking degree of the foam, thereby achieving adjustments to the foam density and hardness. Specifically:
-
Low-density foam: When the amount of TMR-3 is used is low, the foaming speed is slower, and the gas has enough time to spread to form a larger bubble structure, resulting in a relatively high foam density Low. This low-density foam has good softness and comfort and is suitable for the cushion part of the car seat.
-
High-density foam: When the amount of TMR-3 is used is high, the foaming speed is faster, the gas diffuses insufficiently, forming a smaller bubble structure, resulting in a higher foam density. This high-density foam has good support and wear resistance and is suitable for the backrest part of the car seat.
3. Foam resilience and durability
TMR-3 can also significantly improve the elasticity and durability of foam. This is because TMR-3 promotes the cross-linking reaction between isocyanate and polyol, forming a denser three-dimensional network structure. This structure gives the foam better elasticity and fatigue resistance, allowing it to maintain good shape and performance after long-term use. In addition, TMR-3 can also reduce microporous defects in foam materials, further improving the mechanical strength and durability of the foam.
4. Environmental protection and safety
TMR-3, as an environmentally friendly catalyst, meets the requirements of modern automobile manufacturing for green production. First of all, TMR-3 itself does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances and will not cause pollution to the environment. Secondly, TMR-3 has low volatility, reducing odor problems during production and in finished products, and improving user experience. Afterwards, TMR-3 can work in concert with a variety of environmentally friendly foaming agents (such as water foaming agents, physical foaming agents, etc.) to further reduce VOC (volatile organic compounds) emissions during the production process, and comply with increasingly strict environmental protection regulations. .
Special application cases of TMR-3 in car seat manufacturing
In order to better understand the practical application of TMR-3 in car seat manufacturing, the following are several specific case analysis covering different types of car seats and corresponding production processes.
Case 1: Manufacturing of luxury car seats
Background: When designing new models, an internationally renowned luxury sedan brand put forward higher requirements for seat comfort and durability. To meet this demand, the manufacturer decided to use TMR-3 as a catalyst to produce high-performance polyurethane foam seats.
Process flow:
- originalMaterial preparation: High molecular weight polyether polyol and MDI are used as the main raw materials, and appropriate amount of TMR-3 is added as catalyst, as well as other additives (such as foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.).
- Mix and foam: Mix the above raw materials evenly in a certain proportion, pour them into the mold for foaming. Due to the efficient catalytic action of TMR-3, the foaming speed of the foam is moderate and molding can be completed in a short time.
- Curring and Demolding: After foaming is completed, put the mold into an oven for heating and curing, and the temperature is controlled between 80-100℃, and the time is 10-15 minutes. The cured foam material has good elasticity and support, and is suitable for the manufacturing of luxury sedan seats.
- Post-treatment: Take out the cured foam material from the mold, perform surface trimming and polishing to ensure the appearance quality of the seat. Subsequently, the foam material is assembled with leather or other decorative materials to complete the final manufacturing of the seat.
Performance Test:
- Resilience: Tested according to the ASTM D3574 standard, the results showed that the seat’s resilience reached more than 95%, far higher than the 85% of traditional seats.
- Durability: After 100,000 compression cycle tests, the deformation rate of the seat is only 2%, showing excellent fatigue resistance.
- Comfort: By trying to sit and experience 100 volunteers, more than 90% of the respondents said that the comfort of the seat is very satisfactory, especially the support feeling during long driving and Breathability.
Conclusion: The use of TMR-3 has significantly improved the overall performance of luxury sedan seats, especially in terms of resilience and durability. This not only improves the user’s driving experience, but also wins more market share for manufacturers.
Case 2: Lightweight design of electric car seats
Background: With the rapid development of the electric vehicle market, lightweight design has become an important trend in car seat manufacturing. In order to reduce the weight of the vehicle and increase the range, an electric vehicle manufacturer decided to use TMR-3 as a catalyst to produce low-density and high-strength polyurethane foam seats.
Process flow:
- Raw Material Selection: Use low-density polyether polyol and TDI as the main raw materials, addAdd an appropriate amount of TMR-3 as a catalyst and other additives (such as foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.).
- Mix and foam: Mix the above raw materials evenly in a certain proportion, pour them into the mold for foaming. Due to the efficient catalytic action of TMR-3, the foaming speed is fast and can be molded in a short time.
- Curring and Demolding: After foaming is completed, put the mold into an oven for heating and curing, and the temperature is controlled between 60-80℃, and the time is 5-10 minutes. The cured foam material has a lower density and high strength, which is suitable for the manufacture of electric vehicle seats.
- Post-treatment: Take out the cured foam material from the mold, perform surface trimming and polishing to ensure the appearance quality of the seat. Subsequently, the foam material is assembled with fabric or other decorative materials to complete the final manufacturing of the seat.
Performance Test:
- Density: Tested according to ASTM D1622 standard, the results show that the density of the seat is only 30-40 kg/m³, which is about 30% lower than that of traditional seats.
- Strength: Tested according to ASTM D3763 standard, the results showed that the compressive strength of the seat reached more than 150 kPa, showing excellent mechanical properties.
- Lightweight effect: By measuring the weight of the vehicle, it was found that the seats produced using TMR-3 were reduced by about 2 kg compared to traditional seats, which significantly increased the range of the electric vehicle.
Conclusion: The use of TMR-3 not only realizes the lightweight design of electric car seats, but also ensures the strength and comfort of the seats. This provides electric vehicle manufacturers with more competitive product solutions and promotes the development of new energy vehicles.
Case 3: Improvement of safety of racing seats
Background: Motorsports require extremely high safety requirements for seats, especially in high speed driving and fierce collisions, the seats must have good support and impact resistance. To meet this demand, a racing car manufacturer decided to use TMR-3 as a catalyst to produce high-strength, high-density polyurethane foam seats.
Process flow:
- Raw Material Selection: Use high molecular weight polyester polyol and MDI as the main raw materials, and add appropriate amountsTMR-3 is used as a catalyst, as well as other additives (such as foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.).
- Mix and foam: Mix the above raw materials evenly in a certain proportion, pour them into the mold for foaming. Due to the efficient catalytic action of TMR-3, the foaming speed is fast and can be molded in a short time.
- Curring and Demolding: After foaming is completed, put the mold into an oven for heating and curing, and the temperature is controlled between 120-150℃, and the time is 20-30 minutes. The cured foam material has extremely high density and strength, which is suitable for the manufacture of racing seats.
- Post-treatment: Take out the cured foam material from the mold, perform surface trimming and polishing to ensure the appearance quality of the seat. Subsequently, the foam material is assembled with carbon fiber or other high-strength materials to complete the final manufacturing of the seat.
Performance Test:
- Impact Resistance: Tested according to ISO 6489 standard, the results show that the seat can effectively absorb energy when impacted by high-speed, protecting the safety of the driver.
- Supportability: By conducting static and dynamic support tests on the seats, it was found that they can provide stable support under various driving conditions, enhancing the driver’s operating accuracy.
- High temperature resistance: Tested according to ISO 11987 standards, the results show that the seat still maintains good mechanical properties under high temperature environments and will not be deformed or damaged.
Conclusion: The use of TMR-3 significantly improves the safety and support of racing seats, especially in high speed driving and fierce collisions. This provides racing manufacturers with more reliable product guarantees and improves the safety level of racing.
Technical parameters and performance indicators of TMR-3
In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the performance characteristics of TMR-3, the following are the main technical parameters and performance indicators of this catalyst for reference.
| parameter name | Unit | Technical Indicators |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | – | Colorless or light yellow transparent liquid |
| Density | g/cm³ | 0.85-0.90 |
| Viscosity (25℃) | mPa·s | 20-30 |
| Boiling point | ℃ | >250 |
| Flashpoint | ℃ | >110 |
| Water-soluble | – | Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents |
| Volatility | % | <1.0 |
| Stability | – | Stabilize at room temperature to avoid contact with strong acids and strong alkalis |
| Catalytic Activity | – | Efficient catalyzing of the reaction of isocyanate with polyols |
| Scope of application | – | Polyurethane foam, coatings, adhesives, etc. |
Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of TMR-3
While the TMR-3 shows many advantages in car seat manufacturing, any material has its limitations. The following is an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of TMR-3 to help readers understand its application prospects more comprehensively.
Advantages
-
High-efficient catalytic performance: TMR-3 can provide efficient catalytic effect at a lower dosage, significantly shortening foam foaming time and improving production efficiency. This is particularly important for companies that produce car seats on a large scale, which can reduce production costs and enhance market competitiveness.
-
Good selectivity: TMR-3 has high selectivity for the reaction of isocyanate and polyol, and can effectively control the density and hardness of the foam and ensure the stability of the quality of the final product. This allows manufacturers to flexibly adjust the formula according to different application scenarios to meet diverse needs.
-
Low Odor: Compared with traditional tertiary amine catalysts, TMR-3 has lower volatility, reducing odor problems during production and in finished products. This is particularly important for the manufacturing of car seats, because the air quality in the car directly affects the user’s driving experience.
-
Environmentality: TMR-3 meets strict environmental protection standards, does not contain heavy metals and other harmful substances, and is suitable for green manufacturing processes. In addition, TMR-3 can work in concert with a variety of environmentally friendly foaming agents to further reduce VOC emissions during production and comply with increasingly stringent environmental protection regulations.
-
Compatibility: TMR-3 has good compatibility with a variety of polyurethane raw materials and can work in concert with other additives (such as foaming agents, stabilizers, etc.) to optimize the formulation design. This allows manufacturers to flexibly adjust the formula according to different application scenarios to meet diverse needs.
Disadvantages
-
High price: As a high-performance catalyst, TMR-3 has relatively high production costs, resulting in a relatively expensive market price. For some small and medium-sized enterprises, it may be difficult to bear high procurement costs, affecting their widespread use.
-
Security requirements: Although TMR-3 has good storage stability, contact with strong acids and strong alkalis must still be avoided, otherwise the catalyst may fail. Therefore, special attention is needed during storage and transportation, which increases the management costs of the enterprise.
-
Limited scope of application: Although TMR-3 performs well in car seat manufacturing, its performance may be affected in certain special application scenarios such as extreme high or low temperature environments. . Therefore, when selecting catalysts, companies need to evaluate them based on specific application scenarios to ensure their applicability.
The future development trend of TMR-3
With the continuous development of the automobile industry, especially the rise of electric vehicles and smart cars, the design and manufacturing technology of car seats is also facing new challenges and opportunities. In order to meet the market’s demand for high-performance, lightweight and environmentally friendly seats, TMR-3, as a high-efficiency catalyst, will make further development in the following aspects in the future:
1. Research and development of high-performance catalysts
With the continuous upgrading of polyurethane foam materials, the performance requirements for catalysts are becoming higher and higher. In the future, researchers will continue to work on developing a new generation of high-performance catalysts to further improve the catalytic efficiency, selectivity and stability of TMR-3. For example, by introducing nanomaterials or functional additives, the catalytic activity of TMR-3 can be effectively enhanced, the foam foaming time can be shortened, and the production efficiency can be improved.
2. Application of environmentally friendly catalysts
With the continuous improvement of global environmental awareness, the automotive industry is focusing on environmentally friendly profilesThe demand for information is growing. In the future, TMR-3 is expected to work together with more environmentally friendly foaming agents (such as water foaming agents, physical foaming agents, etc.) to further reduce VOC emissions during the production process and comply with increasingly strict environmental protection regulations. In addition, researchers will also explore the application of TMR-3 in bio-based polyurethane foams to promote the development of green manufacturing technology.
3. Integration of intelligent manufacturing
With the popularization of intelligent manufacturing technology, the production process of car seats will be more intelligent and automated. In the future, TMR-3 is expected to be combined with advanced sensors, control systems and other technologies to achieve real-time monitoring and precise control of the foam foaming process. This not only improves product quality, but also reduces energy consumption and waste production in the production process and promotes sustainable development.
4. Expansion of new application scenarios
In addition to traditional car seat manufacturing, TMR-3 is expected to be used in more new application scenarios in the future. For example, in the fields of aerospace, medical devices, sporting goods, etc., TMR-3 can be used to produce high-performance, lightweight, and environmentally friendly polyurethane foam materials to meet the needs of different industries. In addition, with the rapid development of 3D printing technology, TMR-3 can also be used to prepare complex foam structures and expand its application areas.
Conclusion
To sum up, TMR-3, as a highly efficient tertiary amine catalyst, has wide application prospects in automobile seat manufacturing. Its high-efficiency catalytic performance, good selectivity, low odor, environmental protection and compatibility make TMR-3 an ideal choice for modern car seat manufacturing. Through the analysis of multiple specific application cases, we can see the significant advantages of TMR-3 in improving seat comfort, durability and safety. Although TMR-3 has certain limitations, with the continuous advancement of technology, its performance will be further improved in the future and its application scope will continue to expand. We have reason to believe that TMR-3 will play a more important role in future automotive seat manufacturing and promote the sustainable development of the automotive industry.
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