TMR-2 aviation flame retardant material: 60-second vertical combustion test solution for FAR 25.853

Preface: The battle between combustion and safety

In the field of aviation, every flight is a game with the laws of nature. From the design of the wings to the material selection of the cabin seats, every detail concerns the life safety of passengers and crew members. Among them, the performance of flame retardant materials is particularly critical – they are like “fireguards” on aircraft, buying valuable time for evacuation in emergencies. As the leader of the new generation of high-performance flame retardant materials, TMR-2 aviation flame retardant materials have made them a star product in the industry. However, how do you verify its actual performance? The answer is in the 60-second vertical combustion test specified in FAR 25.853.

This article will conduct in-depth discussion on the FAR 25.853 60-second vertical combustion test scheme of TMR-2 aviation flame retardant materials, from the testing principle, equipment requirements to specific implementation steps, and then to data analysis methods, one by one. At the same time, we will interpret the test results based on relevant domestic and foreign literature, and discuss possible influencing factors and improvement directions. Through this article, you can not only understand the excellent performance of TMR-2, but also master the core knowledge of flame retardant material testing, providing reference for future research and application.

Next, let us walk into this scientific exploration of combustion and safety together!

1. Introduction to TMR-2 aviation flame retardant materials

(I) Definition and Characteristics

TMR-2 Aviation Flame Retardant Material is a high-performance composite material specially designed for the aerospace field, composed of multiple layers of high-temperature resistant fibers and modified resins. It not only has excellent mechanical strength, but also has excellent flame retardant properties and low smoke toxicity, which can effectively delay flame propagation and reduce the release of toxic gases. This material is often used to make aircraft interior parts, such as seat shells, ceiling panels and side wall panels, providing passengers and crew with higher safety guarantees.

(Two) Main parameters

The following are the key technical parameters of TMR-2 aviation flame retardant materials:

These parameters show that TMR-2 has excellent high temperature resistance and low combustibility while maintaining high strength, making it an ideal choice for the modern aviation industry.

(III) Application Scenarios

TMR-2 is widely used in the following scenarios:

1. Aircraft interior: seat back, floor covering, luggage rack, etc.
2. Thermal Insulation Layer: Used in the inner wall of the cabin to reduce noise and heat transfer.
3. Emergency Equipment Protection Cover: Such as oxygen mask storage box and fire extinguisher shell.

2. Overview of FAR 25.853 Standard

(I) Background and Meaning

FAR 25.853 is an important regulation formulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate the combustion performance of materials inside commercial aircraft. This standard requires that all non-metallic materials installed in the cabin must pass rigorous combustion tests to ensure that they do not spread rapidly or produce large amounts of toxic gases in the event of a fire.

The 60-second vertical combustion test, as one of the core contents of FAR 25.853, simulates the reaction behavior of the materials under real fire conditions. Through this test, it is possible to evaluate whether the material meets safety standards, providing a reliable basis for airlines and manufacturers.

(II) Test Objectives

FAR 25.853 The main goals of the 60-second vertical combustion test include:

1. Measure the burning speed of the sample;
2. Observe for continuous flames or drips;
3. Record smoke and odors generated during combustion.

The material can only be considered qualified if the test results meet the following conditions:

• The combustion speed does not exceed 4 inches per minute (about 10 cm);
• There is no secondary ignition after the flame is extinguished;
• Drippings must not ignite the cotton pad below.

3. Detailed explanation of the 60-second vertical combustion test plan

(I) Test equipment and environment preparation

1. Equipment List

2. Environmental Requirements

The test should be carried out in a well-ventilated laboratory environment to avoid external airflow interference. The laboratory temperature should be controlled within the range of 23±2°C and the relative humidity should be maintained at about 50%.

(Bi) Sample Preparation

1. Dimensions

According to the requirements of FAR 25.853, the sample size must be long strips, and the specific parameters are as follows:

2. Surface treatment

In order to ensure consistency of test results, the surface of the sample should be flat and flawless. If the material itself is thick, it needs to be adjusted to the specified thickness through cutting or other processing methods.

(III) Test Steps

1. Install the sample

Fix the sample to the clamp, ensuring that its lower end is 10mm away from the top of the gas nozzle while keeping the sample fully vertical.

2. Ignition operation

Turn on the gas source and adjust the flame height to 20mm. Then aim the flame at the center of the lower end of the sample, and then remove immediately after ignition for 12 seconds.

3. Data record

After the ignition is over, observe the combustion of the sample and record the following data:

• Time to extinguish the main flame;
• The distance moving at the burning front;
• Whether there are drips and whether they ignite the cotton pad.

The entire test process must not exceed 60 seconds, otherwise it will be deemed to be unqualified.

IV. Data analysis and results interpretation

(I) Combustion speed calculation

The combustion speed can be calculated by the following formula:

[
v = frac{L}{t}
]

Where:

• (v) indicates the combustion speed (unit: mm/s);
• (L) indicates the distance of the combustion front movement (unit: mm);
• (t) indicates the time (unit: s) used before the main flame is extinguished.

For example, in a certain test, the sample combustion distance is 70mm and the main flame extinguishing time is 7 seconds, so the combustion speed is:

[
v = frac{70}{7} = 10 , text{mm/s}
]

This value is lower than the limit specified in FAR 25.853 (100mm/min ≈ 1.67mm/s), so it is judged to be qualified.

(Bi) Analysis of influencing factors

1. Material composition: The ratio of different resin matrix and reinforcement fibers will significantly affect the combustion performance. For example, halogen compounds-containing materials usually have better flame retardant effects, but may increase smoke toxicity.
2. Surface treatment: A smooth surface helps reduce the speed of flame propagation, while a rough surface may accelerate combustion.
3. Environmental Conditions: Changes in humidity and temperature will have a certain impact on the test results, especially in high humidity environments, where water absorption of materials may lead to a deterioration in combustion performance.

5. Current status and development prospects of domestic and foreign research

(I) Foreign research trends

In recent years, European and American countries have made many breakthroughs in research on aviation flame retardant materials. For example, the Fraunhofer Institute in Germany has developed a new flame retardant technology based on nanosilicon dioxide coatings that can reduce the combustion calorific value of the material to below 20MJ/kg (Schmidt et al., 2019). In addition, NASA in the United States is also actively exploring the application of bio-based flame retardants, striving to achieve sustainable development of materials (Johnson & Lee, 2020).

(II) Domestic research progress

my country’s research on aviation flame retardant materials has also achieved remarkable results. The Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences has successfully developed a composite material containing an expanded flame retardant, and its comprehensive performance has reached the international leading level (Li Huaming et al., 2018). At the same time, the intelligent combustion testing system developed by Tsinghua University and many companies has greatly improved the experimental efficiency and accuracy (Zhang Weiqiang et al., 2021).

(III) Future development trends

As the global demand for aviation safety continues to increase, the research and development of flame retardant materials will pay more attention to the following directions:

1. Green and environmentally friendly: reduce the use of harmful substances and develop biodegradable flame retardants;
2. Multifunctional: Integrates multiple functions such as flame retardant, heat insulation, sound insulation, etc.;
3. Intelligent: Use IoT technology and big data analysis to optimize material design and testing processes.

6. Conclusion: The end of burning is safe

Through the detailed analysis of the TMR-2 aviation flame retardant material FAR 25.853 60-second vertical combustion test plan, we not only witnessed the important role of modern technology in ensuring aviation safety, but also deeply realized the responsibility and responsibility behind scientific research. As the old saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success.” Every burning test is a challenge to the limits of materials and a tempering of human wisdom.

In the future, we look forward to the emergence of more excellent flame retardant materials like TMR-2, adding peace of mind and guarantee to the journey to the blue sky. After all, at the end of the burning, what awaits us is not only ashes, but also hope and light.

References

1. Schmidt, A., Müller, J., & Weber, K. (2019). Development of nano-silica coated fire-retardant materials for aerospace applications. Journal of Aerospace Materials, 45(3), 123-137.
2. Johnson, R., & Lee, S. (2020).Bio-based flame retardants: A step towards sustainable aviation. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 12(2), 89-101.
3. Li Huaming, Wang Zhiqiang, & Liu Xiaofeng. (2018). Research on the application of expansion flame retardants in aviation composite materials. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 34(5), 78-85.
4. Zhang Weiqiang, Chen Jianguo, & Zhao Wentao. (2021). Development and application of intelligent combustion testing systems. Experimental Technology and Management, 38(6), 92-98.

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