How much do you know about perchloric acid? Properties and uses of perchloric acid

[alias]perchloric acid

[Molecular formula]HClO4

［Property］ Oxygen acid of chlorine, colorless, transparent and highly hygroscopic liquid, which fumes strongly in the air. The relative density is 1.768 (22/4°C), the melting point is -112°C, and the boiling point is 16°C (2400Pa). A strong acid. Soluble in water and alcohol, quite stable after being dissolved in water, the aqueous solution has good conductivity. Anhydrous perchloric acid is extremely unstable and cannot be produced under normal pressure. Generally, only hydrates can be produced, and there are six kinds of hydrates. Concentrated acid is also unstable, and it will decompose when placed, and decompose into chlorine dioxide, water and oxygen when heated, and explode. It has a strong oxidizing effect, and it can also cause an explosion when it comes into contact with reburned materials such as charcoal, paper, and wood chips. Dilute acid (below 60%) is relatively stable and non-oxidizing when cold. Can form the highest boiling point mixture containing 71.6% perchloric acid. Perchloric acid can react violently with iron, copper, zinc, etc. to form oxides, react with P2O5 to form Cl2O5, and can also decompose and oxidize elemental phosphorus and sulfur into phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.

[Quality Specifications]

Reference Standard (Industrial Grade)

[Use] Used in the production of perchlorates, esters, fireworks, explosives, gunpowder, film and artificial Diamond purification. It is also used as a strong oxidant, catalyst, battery electrolyte, metal surface treatment agent and solvent for acrylonitrile polymerization. It is also used in medicine, mining and metallurgy, electroplating lead and other industries. Perchloric acid and potassium ions generate slightly soluble potassium perchlorate, which can be used for the determination of potassium.

［Simple preparation method］①Electrolyze sodium chlorate to make sodium perchlorate, and sodium peroxate undergoes metathesis reaction with hydrochloric acid Finally, perchloric acid is generated, and the finished product perchloric acid is obtained after evaporation and concentration.

② Distill potassium perchlorate and concentrated sulfuric acid under reduced pressure at 140-190°C.

[Safety and Protection] Perchloric acid is a first-class inorganic acid corrosive substance, hazard code number: 91010. Packed in plastic drums, each drum has a net weight of 25kg. A small amount is packed in glass bottles, each bottle has a net weight of 5kg. There should be an obvious “corrosion product” mark on the package. Store in a cool and dry place, and cannot be stored and transported together with organic matter and combustibles. In case of fire, water, yellow sand and various fire extinguishers can be used to put out the fire.

Perchloric acid fumes are highly irritating to mucous membranes and skin. When touching the skin, wash it off with plenty of water or soapy water immediately.